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Friday, December 30, 2011

TEJO MAHALAYA YA TAJ MAHAL EK HINDU BHAWAN


Taj Mahal - A Hindu Temple-Palace

By now you all know through my previous articles, the irrefutable facts and deductive logic which prove that Islam is evil right at its very foundation. It is not a religion, but a means to legalize rape, murder, loot and destruction! Given what I have shown in these previous weeks, no one should have the slightest doubt that the true followers of such a "religion" can only be called dacoits!

These dacoits have looted and raped many countries, but no country can tell a bloodier tale of muslim oppression than India! The muslim dacoits started their rule over India in 712 A.D. with the invasion of Mohammed Qasem and looking at the present situation of our country it still continues on today!

During their rule they looted and destroyed hundereds of thousands of Hindu temples. Aurangzeb himself destroyed 10,000 Hindu temples during his reign! Some of the larger temples were converted into mosques or other Islamic structures. Ram Janmbhoomi(at Ayodhya) and Krishna Temple(at Mathura) are just two examples. Many others exist!

The most evident of such structures is Taj Mahal--a structure supposedly devoted to carnal love by the "great" moghul king Shah Jahan to his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal. Please keep in my mind that this is the same Shah Jahan who had a harem of 5,000 women and the same Shah Jahan who had a incestuous relationship with his daughter justifing it by saying, 'a gardner has every right to taste the fruit he has planted'! Is such a person even capable of imagning such a wondrous structure as the Taj Mahal let alone be the architect of it?

The answer is no. It cannot be. And it isn't as has been proven. The Taj Mahal is as much a Islamic structure as is mathematics a muslim discovery! The famous historian Shri P.N. Oak has proven that Taj Mahal is actually Tejo Mahalaya-- a shiv temple-palace. His work was published in 1965 in the book, Taj Mahal - The True Story. However, we have not heard much about it because it was banned by the corrupt and power crazed Congress government of Bharat who did not want to alienate their precious vote bank--the muslims.

After reading Shri Oak's work which provides more than adequate evidence to prove that Taj Mahal is indeed Tejo Mahalaya, one has to wonder if the government of Bharat has been full of traitors for the past 50 years! Because to ban such a book which states only the truth is surely a crime against our great nation of Bharat.

The most valuable evidence of all that Tejo Mahalaya is not an Islamic building is in the Badshahnama which contains the history of the first twenty years of Shah Jahan's reign. The writer Abdul Hamid has stated that Taj Mahal is a temple-palace taken from Jaipur's Maharaja Jaisigh and the building was known as Raja Mansingh's palace. This by itself is enough proof to state that Tejo Mahalaya is a Hindu structure captured, plundered and converted to a mausoleum by Shah Jahan and his henchmen. But I have taken the liberty to provide you with 109 other proofs and logical points which tell us that the structure known as the Taj Mahal is actually Tejo Mahalaya.

There is a similar story behind Every Islamic structure in Bharat. They are all converted Hindu structures. As I mentioned above, hundereds of thousands of temples in Bharat have been destroyed by the barbaric muslim invaders and I shall dedicate several articles to these destroyed temples. However, the scope of this article is to prove to you beyond the shadow of any doubt that Taj Mahal is Tejo Mahalaya and should be recognized as such! Not as a monument to the dead Mumtaz Mahal--an insignificant sex object in the incestous Shah Jahan's harem of 5,000.

Another very important proof that Taj Mahal is a Hindu structure is shown by figure 1 below. It depicts Aurangzeb's letter to Shah Jahan in Persian in which he has unintentionally revealed the true identity of the Taj Mahal as a Hindu Temple-Palace. Refer to proofs 20 and 66 stated below.


Take the time to read the proofs stated below and know to what extent we have been lied to by our own leaders. These proofs of Shri P.N. Oak have been taken from the URL: http://rbhatnagar.ececs.uc.edu:8080/hindu_history/modern/taj_oak.html I would like to commend the creator of the above mentioned web site for taking the time to put up the proofs given by Shri P.N. Oak.

For more information you can order the book, Taj Mahal - The True Story authored by Shri P.N. Oak. The ISBN number of the book is ISBN 0-9611614-4-2. The book is available through A. Ghosh (Publisher), 5720 W. Little York, #216, Houston, Texas 77091. Visit Sword Of Truth - Online Magazine for more information

Proofs follow below:


Name

1.The term Tajmahal itself never occurs in any mogul court paper or chronicle even in Aurangzeb's time. The attempt to explain it away as Taj-i-mahal is therefore, ridiculous.

2.The ending "Mahal" is never muslim because in none of the muslim countries around the world from Afghanistan to Algeria is there a building known as "Mahal".

3.The unusual explanation of the term Tajmahal derives from Mumtaz Mahal, who is buried in it, is illogical in at least two respects viz., firstly her name was never Mumtaj Mahal but Mumtaz-ul-Zamani and secondly one cannot omit the first three letters "Mum" from a woman's name to derive the remainder as the name of the building.

4.Since the lady's name was Mumtaz (ending with 'Z') the name of the building derived from her should have been Taz Mahal, if at all, and not Taj (spelled with a 'J').

5.Several European visitors of Shahjahan's time allude to the building as Taj-e-Mahal is almost the correct tradition, age old Sanskrit name Tej-o-Mahalaya, signifying a Shiva temple. Contrarily Shahjahan and Aurangzeb scrupulously avoid using the Sanskrit term and call it just a holy grave.

6.The tomb should be understood to signify Not A Building but only the grave or centotaph inside it. This would help people to realize that all dead muslim courtiers and royalty including Humayun, Akbar, Mumtaz, Etmad-ud-Daula and Safdarjang have been buried in capture Hindu mansions and temples.

7.Moreover, if the Taj is believed to be a burial place, how can the term Mahal, i.e., mansion apply to it?

8.Since the term Taj Mahal does not occur in mogul courts it is absurd to search for any mogul explanation for it. Both its components namely, 'Taj' and' Mahal' are of Sanskrit origin.

Temple Tradition

9.The term Taj Mahal is a corrupt form of the sanskrit term TejoMahalay signifying a Shiva Temple. Agreshwar Mahadev i.e., The Lord of Agra was consecrated in it.

10.The tradition of removing the shoes before climbing the marble platform originates from pre Shahjahan times when the Taj was a Shiva Temple. Had the Taj originated as a tomb, shoes need not have to be removed because shoes are a necessity in a cemetery.

11.Visitors may notice that the base slab of the centotaph is the marble basement in plain white while its superstructure and the other three centotaphs on the two floors are covered with inlaid creeper designs. This indicates that the marble pedestal of the Shiva idol is still in place and Mumtaz's centotaphs are fake.

12.The pitchers carved inside the upper border of the marble lattice plus those mounted on it number 108-a number sacred in Hindu Temple tradition.

13.There are persons who are connected with the repair and the maintainance of the Taj who have seen the ancient sacred Shiva Linga and other idols sealed in the thick walls and in chambers in the secret, sealed red stone stories below the marble basement. The Archaeological Survey of India is keeping discretely, politely and diplomatically silent about it to the point of dereliction of its own duty to probe into hidden historical evidence.

14.In India there are 12 Jyotirlingas i.e., the outstanding Shiva Temples. The Tejomahalaya alias The Tajmahal appears to be one of them known as Nagnatheshwar since its parapet is girdled with Naga, i.e., Cobra figures. Ever since Shahjahan's capture of it the sacred temple has lost its Hindudom.

15.The famous Hindu treatise on architecture titled Vishwakarma Vastushastra mentions the Tej-Linga amongst the Shivalingas i.e., the stone emblems of Lord Shiva, the Hindu deity. Such a Tej Linga was consecrated in the Taj Mahal, hence the term Taj Mahal alias Tejo Mahalaya.

16.Agra city, in which the Taj Mahal is located, is an ancient centre of Shiva worship. Its orthodox residents have through ages continued the tradition of worshipping at five Shiva shrines before taking the last meal every night especially during the month of Shravan. During the last few centuries the residents of Agra had to be content with worshipping at only four prominent Shiva temples viz., Balkeshwar, Prithvinath, Manakameshwar and Rajarajeshwar. They had lost track of the fifth Shiva deity which their forefathers worshipped. Apparently the fifth was Agreshwar Mahadev Nagnatheshwar i.e., The Lord Great God of Agra, The Deity of the King of Cobras, consecrated in the Tejomahalay alias Tajmahal.

17.The people who dominate the Agra region are Jats. Their name of Shiva is Tejaji. The Jat special issue of The Illustrated Weekly of India (June 28,1971) mentions that the Jats have the Teja Mandirs i.e., Teja Temples. This is because Teja-Linga is among the several names of the Shiva Lingas. From this it is apparent that the Taj-Mahal is Tejo-Mahalaya, The Great Abode of Tej.

Documentary Evidence

18.Shahjahan's own court chronicle, the Badshahnama, admits (page 403, vol 1) that a grand mansion of unique splendor, capped with a dome (Imaarat-a-Alishan wa Gumbaze) was taken from the Jaipur Maharaja Jaisigh for Mumtaz's burial, and the building was known as Raja Mansingh's palace.

19. The plaque put the archealogy department outside the Tajmahal describes the edifice as a mausoleum built by Shahjahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, over 22 years from 1631 to 1653 That plaque is a specimen of historical bungling. Firstly, the plaque sites no authority for its claim. Secondly the lady's name was Mumtaz-ulZamani and not Mumtazmahal. Thirdly, the period of 22 years is taken from some mumbo jumbo noting by an unreliable French visitor Tavernier, to the exclusion of all muslim versions, which is an absurdity.

20. Prince Aurangzeb's letter (Refer to Figure 1 above) to his father, emperor Shahjahan, is recorded in atleast three chronicles titled Aadaab-e-Alamgiri, Yadgarnama, and the Muruqqa-i-Akbarabadi (edited by Said Ahmed, Agra, 1931, page 43, footnote 2). In that letter Aurangzeb records in 1652 A.D itself that the several buildings in the fancied burial place of Mumtaz were seven storeyed and were so old that they were all leaking, while the dome had developed a crack on the northern side. Aurangzeb, therefore, ordered immediate repairs to the buildings at his own expense while recommending to the emperor that more elaborate repairs be carried out later. This is the proof that during Shahjahan's reign itself that the Taj complex was so old as to need immediate repairs.

21. The ex-Maharaja of Jaipur retains in his secret personal KapadDwara collection two orders from Shahjahan dated Dec 18, 1633 (bearing modern nos. R.176 and 177) requestioning the Taj building complex. That was so blatant a usurpation that the then ruler of Jaipur was ashamed to make the document public.

22. The Rajasthan State archives at Bikaner preserve three other firmans addressed by Shahjahan to the Jaipur's ruler Jaisingh ordering the latter to supply marble (for Mumtaz's grave and koranic grafts) from his Makranna quarris, and stone cutters. Jaisingh was apparently so enraged at the blatant seizure of the Tajmahal that he refused to oblige Shahjahan by providing marble for grafting koranic engravings and fake centotaphs for further desecration of the Tajmahal. Jaisingh looked at Shahjahan's demand for marble and stone cutters, as an insult added to injury. Therefore, he refused to send any marble and instead detained the stone cutters in his protective custody.

23. The three firmans demanding marble were sent to Jaisingh within about two years of Mumtaz's death. Had Shahjahan really built the Tajmahal over a period of 22 years, the marble would have needed only after 15 or 20 years not immediately after Mumtaz's death.

24. Moreover, the three mention neither the Tajmahal, nor Mumtaz, nor the burial. The cost and the quantity of the stone also are not mentioned. This proves that an insignificant quantity of marble was needed just for some supercial tinkering and tampering with the Tajmahal. Even otherwise Shahjahan could never hope to build a fabulous Tajmahal by abject dependence for marble on a non cooperative Jaisingh.

European Visitor's Accounts

25. Tavernier, a French jeweller has recorded in his travel memoirs that Shahjahan purposely buried Mumtaz near the Taz-i-Makan (i.e.,`The Taj building') where foriegners used to come as they do even today so that the world may admire. He also adds that the cost of the scaffolding was more than that of the entire work. The work that Shahjahan commissioned in the Tejomahalaya Shiva temple was plundering at the costly fixtures inside it, uprooting the Shiva idols, planting the centotaphs in their place on two stories, inscribing the koran along the arches and walling up six of the seven stories of the Taj. It was this plunder, desecrating and plunderring of the rooms which took 22 years.

26. Peter Mundy, an English visitor to Agra recorded in 1632 (within only a year of Mumtaz's death) that `the places of note in and around Agra, included Taj-e-Mahal's tomb, gardens and bazaars'. He, therefore, confirms that that the Tajmahal had been a noteworthy building even before Shahjahan.

27. De Laet, a Dutch official has listed Mansingh's palace about a mile from Agra fort, as an outstanding building of pre shahjahan's time. Shahjahan's court chronicle, the Badshahnama records, Mumtaz's burial in the same Mansingh's palace.

28. Bernier, a contemporary French visitor has noted that non muslim's were barred entry into the basement (at the time when Shahjahan requisitioned Mansingh's palace) which contained a dazzling light. Obviously, he reffered to the silver doors, gold railing, the gem studded lattice and strings of pearl hanging over Shiva's idol. Shahjahan comandeered the building to grab all the wealth, making Mumtaz's death a convineant pretext.

29. Johan Albert Mandelslo, who describes life in agra in 1638 (only 7 years after mumtaz's death) in detail (in his Voyages and Travels to West-Indies, published by John Starkey and John Basset, London), makes no mention of the Tajmahal being under constuction though it is commonly erringly asserted or assumed that the Taj was being built from 1631 to 1653.

Sanskrit Inscription

30. A Sanskrit inscription too supports the conclusion that the Taj originated as a Shiva temple. Wrongly termed as the Bateshwar inscription (currently preserved on the top floor of the Lucknow museum), it refers to the raising of a "crystal white Shiva temple so alluring that Lord Shiva once enshrined in it decided never to return to Mount Kailash his usual abode". That inscription dated 1155 A.D. was removed from the Tajmahal garden at Shahjahan's orders. Historicians and Archeaologists have blundered in terming the insription the Bateshwar inscription when the record doesn't say that it was found by Bateshwar. It ought, in fact, to be called The Tejomahalaya inscription because it was originally installed in the Taj garden before it was uprooted and cast away at Shahjahan's command.

A clue to the tampering by Shahjahan is found on pages 216-217, vol. 4, of Archealogiical Survey of India Reports (published 1874) stating that a "great square black balistic pillar which, with the base and capital of another pillar....now in the grounds of Agra, ...it is well known, once stood in the garden of Tajmahal".

Missing Elephants

31. Far from the building of the Taj, Shahjahan disfigured it with black koranic lettering and heavily robbed it of its Sanskrit inscription, several idols and two huge stone elephants extending their trunks in a welcome arch over the gateway where visitors these days buy entry tickets. An Englishman, Thomas Twinning, records (pg.191 of his book "Travels in India A Hundred Years ago") that in November 1794 "I arrived at the high walls which enclose the Taj-e-Mahal and its circumjacent buildings. I here got out of the palanquine and.....mounted a short flight of steps leading to a beautiful portal which formed the centre of this side of the Court Of Elephants as the great area was called."

Koranic Patches

32. The Taj Mahal is scrawled over with 14 chapters of the Koran but nowhere is there even the slightest or the remotest allusion in that Islamic overwriting to Shahjahan's authorship of the Taj. Had Shahjahan been the builder he would have said so in so many words before beginning to quote Koran.

33. That Shahjahan, far from building the marble Taj, only disfigured it with black lettering is mentioned by the inscriber Amanat Khan Shirazi himself in an inscription on the building. A close scrutiny of the Koranic lettering reveals that they are grafts patched up with bits of variegated stone on an ancient Shiva temple.

Carbon 14 Test

34. A wooden piece from the riverside doorway of the Taj subjected to the carbon 14 test by an American Laboratory and initiated by Professors at Pratt School of Architecture, New York, has revealed that the door to be 300 years older than Shahjahan,since the doors of the Taj, broken open by Muslim invaders repeatedly from the 11th century onwards, had to b replaced from time to time. The Taj edifice is much more older. It belongs to 1155 A.D, i.e., almost 500 years anterior to Shahjahan.

Architectural Evidence

35. Well known Western authorities on architechture like E.B.Havell, Mrs.Kenoyer and Sir W.W.Hunterhave gone on record to say that the TajMahal is built in the Hindu temple style. Havell points out the ground plan of the ancient Hindu Chandi Seva Temple in Java is identical with that of the Taj.

36. A central dome with cupolas at its four corners is a universal feature of Hindu temples.

37. The four marble pillars at the plinth corners are of the Hindu style. They are used as lamp towers during night and watch towers during the day. Such towers serve to demarcate the holy precincts. Hindu wedding altars and the altar set up for God Satyanarayan worship have pillars raised at the four corners.

38. The octagonal shape of the Tajmahal has a special Hindu significance because Hindus alone have special names for the eight directions, and celestial guards assigned to them. The pinnacle points to the heaven while the foundation signifies to the nether world. Hindu forts, cities, palaces and temples genrally have an octagonal layout or some octagonal features so that together with the pinnacle and the foundation they cover all the ten directions in which the king or God holds sway, according to Hindu belief.

39. The Tajmahal has a trident pinncle over the dome. A full scale of the trident pinnacle is inlaid in the red stone courtyard to the east of the Taj. The central shaft of the trident depicts a Kalash (sacred pot) holding two bent mango leaves and a coconut. This is a sacred Hindu motif. Identical pinnacles have been seen over Hindu and Buddhist temples in the Himalayan region. Tridents are also depicted against a red lotus background at the apex of the stately marble arched entrances on all four sides of the Taj. People fondly but mistakenly believed all these centuries that the Taj pinnacle depicts a Islamic cresent and star was a lighting conductor installed by the British rulers in India. Contrarily, the pinnacle is a marvel of Hindu metallurgy since the pinnacle made of non rusting alloy, is also perhaps a lightning deflector. That the pinnacle of the replica is drawn in the eastern courtyard is significant because the east is of special importance to the Hindus, as the direction in which the sun rises. The pinnacle on the dome has the word `Allah' on it after capture. The pinnacle figure on the ground does not have the word Allah.

Inconsistencies

40. The two buildings which face the marble Taj from the east and west are identical in design, size and shape and yet the eastern building is explained away by Islamic tradition, as a community hall while the western building is claimed to be a mosque. How could buildings meant for radically different purposes be identical? This proves that the western building was put to use as a mosque after seizure of the Taj property by Shahjahan. Curiously enough the building being explained away as a mosque has no minaret. They form a pair af reception pavilions of the Tejomahalaya temple palace.

41. A few yards away from the same flank is the Nakkar Khana alias DrumHouse which is a intolerable incongruity for Islam. The proximity of the Drum House indicates that the western annex was not originally a mosque. Contrarily a drum house is a neccesity in a Hindu temple or palace because Hindu chores,in the morning and evening, begin to the sweet strains of music.

42. The embossed patterns on the marble exterior of the centotaph chamber wall are foilage of the conch shell design and the Hindu letter OM. The octagonally laid marble lattices inside the centotaph chamber depict pink lotuses on their top railing. The Lotus, the conch and the OM are the sacred motifs associated with the Hindu deities and temples.

43. The spot occupied by Mumtaz's centotaph was formerly occupied by the Hindu Teja Linga a lithic representation of Lord Shiva. Around it are five perambulatory passages. Perambulation could be done around the marble lattice or through the spacious marble chambers surrounding the centotaph chamber, and in the open over the marble platform. It is also customary for the Hindus to have apertures along the perambulatory passage, overlooking the deity. Such apertures exist in the perambulatories in the Tajmahal.

44. The sanctom sanctorum in the Taj has silver doors and gold railings as Hindu temples have. It also had nets of pearl and gems stuffed in the marble lattices. It was the lure of this wealth which made Shahjahan commandeer the Taj from a helpless vassal Jaisingh, the then ruler of Jaipur.

45. Peter Mundy, a Englishman records (in 1632, within a year of Mumtaz's death) having seen a gem studded gold railing around her tomb. Had the Taj been under construction for 22 years, a costly gold railing would not have been noticed by Peter mundy within a year of Mumtaz's death. Such costl fixtures are installed in a building only after it is ready for use. This indicates that Mumtaz's centotaph was grafted in place of the Shivalinga in the centre of the gold railings. Subsequently the gold railings, silver doors, nets of pearls, gem fillings etc. were all carried away to Shahjahan's treasury. The seizure of the Taj thus constituted an act of highhanded Moghul robery causing a big row between Shahjahan and Jaisingh.

46. In the marble flooring around Mumtaz's centotaph may be seen tiny mosaic patches. Those patches indicate the spots where the support for the gold railings were embedded in the floor. They indicate a rectangular fencing.

47. Above Mumtaz's centotaph hangs a chain by which now hangs a lamp. Before capture by Shahjahan the chain used to hold a water pitcher from which water used to drip on the Shivalinga.

48. It is this earlier Hindu tradition in the Tajmahal which gave the Islamic myth of Shahjahan's love tear dropping on Mumtaz's tomb on the full moon day of the winter eve.

Treasury Well

49. Between the so-called mosque and the drum house is a multistoried octagonal well with a flight of stairs reaching down to the water level. This is a traditional treasury well in Hindu temple palaces. Treasure chests used to be kept in the lower apartments while treasury personnel had their offices in the upper chambers. The circular stairs made it difficult for intruders to reach down to the treasury or to escape with it undetected or unpursued. In case the premises had to be surrendered to a besieging enemy the treasure could be pushed into the well to remain hidden from the conquerer and remain safe for salvaging if the place was reconquered. Such an elaborate multistoried well is superflous for a mere mausoleum. Such a grand, gigantic well is unneccesary for a tomb.

Burial Date Unknown

50. Had Shahjahan really built the Taj Mahal as a wonder mausoleum, history would have recorded a specific date on which she was ceremoniously buried in the Taj Mahal. No such date is ever mentioned. This important missing detail decisively exposes the falsity of the Tajmahal legend.

51. Even the year of Mumtaz's death is unknown. It is variously speculated to be 1629, 1630, 1631 or 1632. Had she deserved a fabulous burial, as is claimed, the date of her death had not been a matter of much speculation. In an harem teeming with 5000 women it was difficult to keep track of dates of death. Apparently the date of Mumtaz's death was so insignificant an event, as not to merit any special notice. Who would then build a Taj for her burial?

Baseless Love Stories

52. Stories of Shahjahan's exclusive infatuation for Mumtaz's are concoctions. They have no basis in history nor has any book ever written on their fancied love affairs. Those stories have been invented as an afterthought to make Shahjahan's authorship of the Taj look plausible.

Cost

53. The cost of the Taj is nowhere recorded in Shahjahan's court papers because Shahjahan never built the Tajmahal. That is why wild estimates of the cost by gullible writers have ranged from 4 million to 91.7 million rupees.

Period Of Construction

54. Likewise the period of construction has been guessed to be anywhere between 10 years and 22 years. There would have not been any scope for guesswork had the building construction been on record in the court papers.

Architects

55. The designer of the Tajmahal is also variously mentioned as Essa Effendy, a Persian or Turk, or Ahmed Mehendis or a Frenchman, Austin deBordeaux, or Geronimo Veroneo, an Italian, or Shahjahan himself.

Records Don't Exist

56. Twenty thousand labourers are supposed to have worked for 22 years during Shahjahan's reign in building the Tajmahal. Had this been true, there should have been available in Shahjahan's court papers design drawings, heaps of labour muster rolls, daily expenditure sheets, bills and receipts of material ordered, and commisioning orders. There is not even a scrap of paper of this kind.

57. It is, therefore, court flatterers, blundering historians, somnolent archeologists, fiction writers, senile poets, careless tourists officials and erring guides who are responsible for hustling the world into believing in Shahjahan's mythical authorship of the Taj.

58. Description of the gardens around the Taj of Shahjahan's time mention Ketaki, Jai, Jui, Champa, Maulashree, Harshringar and Bel. All these are plants whose flowers or leaves are used in the worship of Hindu deities. Bel leaves are exclusively used in Lord Shiva's worship. A graveyard is planted only with shady trees because the idea of using fruit and flower from plants in a cemetary is abhorrent to human conscience. The presence of Bel and other flower plants in the Taj garden is proof of its having been a Shiva temple before seizure by Shahjahan.

59. Hindu temples are often built on river banks and sea beaches. The Taj is one such built on the bank of the Yamuna river an ideal location for a Shiva temple.

60. Prophet Mohammad has ordained that the burial spot of a muslim should be inconspicous and must not be marked by even a single tombstone. In flagrant violation of this, the Tajamhal has one grave in the basement and another in the first floor chamber both ascribed to Mumtaz. Those two centotaphs were infact erected by Shahjahan to bury the two tier Shivalingas that were consecrated in the Taj. It is customary for Hindus to install two Shivalingas one over the other in two stories as may be seen in the Mahankaleshwar temple in Ujjain and the Somnath temple raised by Ahilyabai in Somnath Pattan.

61. The Tajmahal has identical entrance arches on all four sides. This is a typical Hindu building style known as Chaturmukhi, i.e.,four faced.

The Hindu Dome

62. The Tajmahal has a reverberating dome. Such a dome is an absurdity for a tomb which must ensure peace and silence. Contrarily reverberating domes are a neccesity in Hindu temples because they create an ecstatic dinmultiplying and magnifying the sound of bells, drums and pipes accompanying the worship of Hindu deities.

63. The Tajmahal dome bears a lotus cap. Original Islamic domes have a bald top as is exemplified by the Pakistan Embassy in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, and the domes in the Pakistan's newly built capital Islamabad.

64. The Tajmahal entrance faces south. Had the Taj been an Islamic building it should have faced the west.

Tomb is the Grave, not the Building

65. A widespread misunderstanding has resulted in mistaking the building for the grave.Invading Islam raised graves in captured buildings in every country it overran. Therefore, hereafter people must learn not to confound the building with the grave mounds which are grafts in conquered buildings. This is true of the Tajmahal too. One may therefore admit (for arguments sake) that Mumtaz lies buried inside the Taj. But that should not be construed to mean that the Taj was raised over Mumtaz's grave.

66. The Taj is a seven storied building. Prince Aurangzeb also mentions this in his letter to Shahjahan (Refer to the Figure 1 above). The marble edifice comprises four stories including the lone, tall circular hall inside the top, and the lone chamber in the basement. In between are two floors each containing 12 to 15 palatial rooms. Below the marble plinth reaching down to the river at the rear are two more stories in red stone. They may be seen from the river bank. The seventh storey must be below the ground (river) level since every ancient Hindu building had a subterranian storey.

67. Immediately bellow the marble plinth on the river flank are 22 rooms in red stone with their ventilators all walled up by Shahjahan. Those rooms, made uninhibitably by Shahjahan, are kept locked by Archealogy Department of India. The lay visitor is kept in the dark about them. Those 22 rooms still bear ancient Hindu paint on their walls and ceilings. On their side is a nearly 33 feet long corridor. There are two door frames one at either end ofthe corridor. But those doors are intriguingly sealed with brick and lime.

68. Apparently those doorways originally sealed by Shahjahan have been since unsealed and again walled up several times. In 1934 a resident of Delhi took a peep inside from an opening in the upper part of the doorway. To his dismay he saw huge hall inside. It contained many statues huddled around a central beheaded image of Lord Shiva. It could be that, in there, are Sanskrit inscriptions too. All the seven stories of the Tajmahal need to be unsealed and scoured to ascertain what evidence they may be hiding in the form of Hindu images, Sanskrit inscriptions, scriptures, coins and utensils.

69. Apart from Hindu images hidden in the sealed stories it is also learnt that Hindu images are also stored in the massive walls of the Taj. Between 1959 and 1962 when Mr. S.R. Rao was the Archealogical Superintendent in Agra, he happened to notice a deep and wide crack in the wall of the central octagonal chamber of the Taj. When a part of the wall was dismantled to study the crack out popped two or three marble images. The matter was hushed up and the images were reburied where they had been embedded at Shahjahan's behest. Confirmation of this has been obtained from several sources. It was only when I began my investigation into the antecedents of the Taj I came across the above information which had remained a forgotten secret. What better proof is needed of the Temple origin of the Tajmahal? Its walls and sealed chambers still hide in Hindu idols that were consecrated in it before Shahjahan's seizure of the Taj.

Pre-Shahjahan References to the Taj

70. Apparently the Taj as a central palace seems to have an chequered history. The Taj was perhaps desecrated and looted by every Muslim invader from Mohammad Ghazni onwards but passing into Hindu hands off and on, the sanctity of the Taj as a Shiva temple continued to be revived after every muslim onslaught. Shahjahan was the last muslim to desecrate the Tajmahal alias Tejomahalay.

71. Vincent Smith records in his book titled `Akbar the Great Moghul' that `Babur's turbulent life came to an end in his garden palace in Agra in 1630'. That palace was none other than the Tajmahal.

72. Babur's daughter Gulbadan Begum in her chronicle titled Humayun Nama refers to the Taj as the Mystic House.

73. Babur himself refers to the Taj in his memoirs as the palace captured by Ibrahim Lodi containing a central octagonal chamber and having pillars on the four sides. All these historical references allude to the Taj 100 years before Shahjahan.

74. The Tajmahal precincts extend to several hundred yards in all directions. Across the river are ruins of the annexes of the Taj, the bathing ghats and a jetty for the ferry boat. In the Victoria gardens outside covered with creepers is the long spur of the ancient outer wall ending in a octagonal red stone tower. Such extensive grounds all magnificently done up, are a superfluity for a grave.

75. Had the Taj been specially built to bury Mumtaz, it should not have been cluttered with other graves. But the Taj premises contain several graves atleast in its eastern and southern pavilions.

76. In the southern flank, on the other side of the Tajganj gate are buried in identical pavilions queens Sarhandi Begum, and Fatehpuri Begum and a maid Satunnisa Khanum. Such parity burial can be justified only if the queens had been demoted or the maid promoted. But since Shahjahan had commandeered (not built) the Taj, he reduced it general to a muslim cemetary as was the habit of all his Islamic predeccssors, and buried a queen in a vacant pavillion and a maid in another idenitcal pavilion.

77. Shahjahan was married to several other women before and after Mumtaz. She, therefore, deserved no special consideration in having a wonder mausoleum built for her.

78. Mumtaz was a commoner by birth and so she did not qualify for a fairyland burial.

79. Mumtaz died in Burhanpur which is about 600 miles from Agra. Her grave there is intact. Therefore, the centotaphs raised in stories of the Taj in her name seem to be fakes hiding in Hindu Shiva emblems.

80. Shahjahan seems to have simulated Mumtaz's burial in Agra to find a pretext to surround the temple palace with his fierce and fanatic troops and remove all the costly fixtures in his treasury. This finds confirmation in the vague noting in the Badshahnama which says that the Mumtaz's (exhumed) body was brought to Agra from Burhanpur and buried `next year'. An official term would not use a nebulous term unless it is to hide some thing.

81. A pertinent consideration is that a Shahjahan who did not build any palaces for Mumtaz while she was alive, would not build a fabulous mausoleum for a corpse which was no longer kicking or clicking.

82. Another factor is that Mumtaz died within two or three years of Shahjahan becoming an emperor. Could he amass so much superflous wealth in that short span as to squander it on a wonder mausoleum?

83. While Shahjahan's special attachment to Mumtaz is nowhere recorded in history his amorous affairs with many other ladies from maids to mannequins including his own daughter Jahanara, find special attention in accounts of Shahjahan's reign. Would Shahjahan shower his hard earned wealth on Mumtaz's corpse?

84. Shahjahan was a stingy, usurious monarch. He came to throne murdering all his rivals. He was not therefore, the doting spendthrift that he is made out to be.

85. A Shahjahan disconsolate on Mumtaz's death is suddenly credited with a resolve to build the Taj. This is a psychological incongruity. Grief is a disabling, incapacitating emotion.

86. A infatuated Shahjahan is supposed to have raised the Taj over the dead Mumtaz, but carnal, physical sexual love is again a incapacitating emotion. A womaniser is ipso facto incapable of any constructive activity. When carnal love becomes uncontrollable the person either murders somebody or commits suicide. He cannot raise a Tajmahal. A building like the Taj invariably originates in an ennobling emotion like devotion to God, to one's mother and mother country or power and glory.

87. Early in the year 1973, chance digging in the garden in front of the Taj revealed another set of fountains about six feet below the present fountains. This proved two things. Firstly, the subterranean fountains were there before Shahjahan laid the surface fountains. And secondly that those fountains are aligned to the Taj that edifice too is of pre Shahjahan origin. Apparently the garden and its fountains had sunk from annual monsoon flooding and lack of maintenance for centuries during the Islamic rule.

88. The stately rooms on the upper floor of the Tajmahal have been striped of their marble mosaic by Shahjahan to obtain matching marble for raising fake tomb stones inside the Taj premises at several places. Contrasting with the rich finished marble ground floor rooms the striping of the marble mosaic covering the lower half of the walls and flooring of the upper storey have given those rooms a naked, robbed look. Since no visitors are allowed entry to the upper storey this despoilation by Shahjahan has remained a well guarded secret. There is no reason why Shahjahan's loot of the upper floor marble should continue to be hidden from the public even after 200 years of termination of Moghul rule.

89. Bernier, the French traveller has recorded that no non muslim was allowed entry into the secret nether chambers of the Taj because there are some dazzling fixtures there. Had those been installed by Shahjahan they should have been shown the public as a matter of pride. But since it was commandeered Hindu wealth which Shahjahan wanted to remove to his treasury, he didn't want the public to know about it.

90. The approach to Taj is dotted with hillocks raised with earth dugout from foundation trenches. The hillocks served as outer defences of the Taj building complex. Raising such hillocks from foundation earth, is a common Hindu device of hoary origin. Nearby Bharatpur provides a graphic parallel. Peter Mundy has recorded that Shahjahan employed thousands of labourers to level some of those hillocks. This is a graphic proof of the Tajmahal existing before Shahjahan.

91. At the backside of the river bank is a Hindu crematorium, several palaces, Shiva temples and bathings of ancient origin. Had Shahjahan built the Tajmahal, he would have destroyed the Hindu features.

92. The story that Shahjahan wanted to build a Black marble Taj across the river, is another motivated myth. The ruins dotting the other side of the river are those of Hindu structures demolished during muslim invasions and not the plinth of another Tajmahal. Shahjahan who did not even build the white Tajmahal would hardly ever think of building a black marble Taj. He was so miserly that he forced labourers to work gratis even in the superficial tampering neccesary to make a Hindu temple serve as a Muslim tomb.

93. The marble that Shahjahan used for grafting Koranic lettering in the Taj is of a pale white shade while the rest of the Taj is built of a marble with rich yellow tint. This disparity is proof of the Koranic extracts being a superimposition.

94. Though imaginative attempts have been made by some historians to foist some fictitious name on history as the designer of the Taj others more imaginative have credited Shajahan himself with superb architechtural proficiency and artistic talent which could easily concieve and plan the Taj even in acute bereavment. Such people betray gross ignorance of history in as much as Shajahan was a cruel tyrant ,a great womaniser and a drug and drink addict.

95. Fanciful accounts about Shahjahan commisioning the Taj are all confused. Some asserted that Shahjahan ordered building drawing from all over the world and chose one from among them. Others assert that a man at hand was ordered to design a mausoleum amd his design was approved. Had any of those versions been true Shahjahan's court papers should have had thousands of drawings concerning the Taj. But there is not even a single drawing. This is yet another clinching proof that Shahjahan did not commision the Taj.

96. The Tajmahal is surrounded by huge mansions which indicate that several battles have been waged around the Taj several times.

97. At the south east corner of the Taj is an ancient royal cattle house. Cows attached to the Tejomahalay temple used to reared there. A cowshed is an incongruity in an Islamic tomb.

98. Over the western flank of the Taj are several stately red stone annexes. These are superflous for a mausoleum.

99. The entire Taj complex comprises of 400 to 500 rooms. Residential accomodation on such a stupendous scale is unthinkable in a mausoleum.

100. The neighbouring Tajganj township's massive protective wall also encloses the Tajmahal temple palace complex. This is a clear indication that the Tejomahalay temple palace was part and parcel of the township. A street of that township leads straight into the Tajmahal. The Tajganj gate is aligned in a perfect straight line to the octagonal red stone garden gate and the stately entrance arch of the Tajmahal. The Tajganj gate besides being central to the Taj temple complex, is also put on a pedestal. The western gate by which the visitors enter the Taj complex is a camparatively minor gateway. It has become the entry gate for most visitors today because the railway station and the bus station are on that side.

101. The Tajmahal has pleasure pavillions which a tomb would never have.

102. A tiny mirror glass in a gallery of the Red Fort in Agra reflects the Taj mahal. Shahjahan is said to have spent his last eight years of life as a prisoner in that gallery peering at the reflected Tajmahal and sighing in the name of Mumtaz. This myth is a blend of many falsehoods. Firstly, old Shajahan was held prisoner by his son Aurangzeb in the basement storey in the Fort and not in an open, fashionable upper storey. Secondly, the glass piece was fixed in the 1930's by Insha Allah Khan, a peon of the archaelogy dept.just to illustrate to the visitors how in ancient times the entire apartment used to scintillate with tiny mirror pieces reflecting the Tejomahalay temple a thousand fold. Thirdly, a old decrepit Shahjahan with pain in his joints and cataract in his eyes, would not spend his day craning his neck at an awkward angle to peer into a tiny glass piece with bedimmed eyesight when he could as well his face around and have full, direct view of the Tjamahal itself. But the general public is so gullible as to gulp all such prattle of wily, unscrupulous guides.

103. That the Tajmahal dome has hundreds of iron rings sticking out of its exterior is a feature rarely noticed. These are made to hold Hindu earthen oil lamps for temple illumination.

104. Those putting implicit faith in Shahjahan authorship of the Taj have been imagining Shahjahan-Mumtaz to be a soft hearted romantic pair like Romeo and Juliet. But contemporary accounts speak of Shahjahan as a hard hearted ruler who was constantly egged on to acts of tyranny and cruelty, by Mumtaz.

105. School and College history carry the myth that Shahjahan reign was a golden period in which there was peace and plenty and that Shahjahan commisioned many buildings and patronized literature. This is pure fabrication. Shahjahan did not commision even a single building as we have illustrated by a detailed analysis of the Tajmahal legend. Shahjahn had to enrage in 48 military campaigns during a reign of nearly 30 years which proves that his was not a era of peace and plenty.

106. The interior of the dome rising over Mumtaz's centotaph has a representation of Sun and cobras drawn in gold. Hindu warriors trace their origin to the Sun. For an Islamic mausoleum the Sun is redundant. Cobras are always associated with Lord Shiva.

Forged Documents

107. The muslim caretakers of the tomb in the Tajmahal used to possess a document which they styled as Tarikh-i-Tajmahal. Historian H.G. Keene has branded it as a document of doubtful authenticity. Keene was uncannily right since we have seen that Shahjahan not being the creator of the Tajmahal any document which credits Shahjahn with the Tajmahal, must be an outright forgery. Even that forged document is reported to have been smuggled out of Pakistan. Besides such forged documents there are whole chronicles on the Taj which are pure concoctions.

108. There is lot of sophistry and casuistry or atleast confused thinking associated with the Taj even in the minds of proffesional historians, archaelogists and architects. At the outset they assert that the Taj is entirely Muslim in design. But when it is pointed out that its lotus capped dome and the four corner pillars etc. are all entirely Hindu those worthies shift ground and argue that that was probably because the workmen were Hindu and were to introduce their own patterns. Both these arguments are wrong because Muslim accounts claim the designers to be Muslim, and the workers invariably carry out the employer's dictates.

The Taj is only a typical illustration of how all historic buildings and townships from Kashmir to Cape Comorin though of Hindu origin have been ascribed to this or that Muslim ruler or courtier.

It is hoped that people the world over who study Indian history will awaken to this new finding and revise their erstwhile beliefs.

Those interested in an indepth study of the above and many other revolutionary rebuttals may read Shri P.N. Oak's other research books.

SAABHAR : SHRI P. N. OAK

“अफगानिस्तान कभी आर्याना था”

आज अफगानिस्तान और इस्लाम एक-दूसरे के पर्याय बन गए हैं, इसमें शक नहीं लेकिन यह भी सत्य है कि वह देश जितने समय से इस्लामी है, उससे कई गुना समय तक वह गैर-इस्लामी रह चुका है| इस्लाम तो अभी एक हजार साल पहले ही अफगानिस्तान पहुँचा, उसके कई हजार साल पहले तक वह आर्यों, बौद्घों और हिन्दुओं का देश रहा है| धृतराष्ट्र की पत्नी गांधारी, महान संस्कृत वैयाकरण आचार्य पाणिनी और गुरू गोरखनाथ पठान ही थे| जब पहली बार मैंने अफगान लड़कों के नाम कनिष्क और हुविष्क तथा लड़कियों के नाम वेदा और अवेस्ता सुने तो मुझे सुखद आश्चर्य हुआ| अफगानिस्तान की सबसे बड़ी होटलों की श्रृंखला का नाम ‘आर्याना‘ था और हवाई कम्पनी भी ‘आर्याना‘ के नाम से जानी जाती थी| भारत के पंजाबियों, राजपूतों और अग्रवालों के गोत्र्-नाम अब भी अनेक पठान कबीलों में ज्यों के त्यों मिल जाते हैं| मंगल, स्थानकजई, कक्कर, सीकरी, सूरी, बहल, बामी, उष्ट्राना, खरोटी आदि गोत्र् पठानों के नामों के साथ जुड़े देखकर कौन चकित नहीं रह जाएगा ? ग़ज़नी और गर्देज़ के बीच एक गाँव के हिन्दू से जब मैंने पूछा कि आपके पूर्वज भारत से अफगानिस्तान कब आए तो उसने तमककर कहा ‘जबसे अफगानिस्तान ज़मीन पर आया|’ इस अफगान हिन्दू की बोली न पश्तो थी, न फारसी, न पंजाबी| वह शायद ब्राहुई थी, जो वर्तमान अफगानिस्तान की सबसे पुरानी भाषा है और वेदों की भाषा के भी बहुत निकट है|

छठी शताब्दि के वराहमिहिर के ग्रन्थ ‘वृहत्र संहिता‘ में पहली बार ‘अवगाण‘ शब्द का प्रयोग हुआ है| इसके पहले तीसरी शताब्दि के एक ईरानी शिलालेख में ‘अबगान‘ शब्द का उल्लेख माना जाता है| फ्रांसीसी विद्वान साँ-मार्टिन के अनुसार अफगान शब्द संस्कृत के ‘अश्वक‘ या ‘अशक‘ शब्द से निकला है, जिसका अर्थ है-अश्वारोही या घुड़सवार ! संस्कृत साहित्य में अफगानिस्तान के लिए ‘अश्वकायन‘ (घुड़सवारों का मार्ग) शब्द भी मिलता है| वैसे अफगानिस्तान नाम का विशेष-प्रचलन अहमद शाह दुर्रानी के शासन-काल (1747-1773) में ही हुआ| इसके पूर्व अफगानिस्तान को आर्याना, आर्यानुम्र वीजू, पख्तिया, खुरासान, पश्तूनख्वाह और रोह आदि नामों से पुकारा जाता था|

पारसी मत के प्रवर्त्तक जरथ्रुष्ट द्वारा रचित ग्रन्थ ‘जिन्दावेस्ता‘ में इस भूखण्ड को ऐरीन-वीजो या आर्यानुम्र वीजो कहा गया है| अफगान इतिहासकार फज़ले रबी पझवक के अनुसार ये शब्द संस्कृत के आर्यावर्त्त या आर्या-वर्ष से मिलते-जुलते हैं| उनकी राय में आर्य का मतलब होता है-श्रेष्ठ या सम्मानीय और पश्तो भाषा में वर्ष का मतलब होता है–चर भूमि ! अर्थात्र आर्यानुम्र वीज़ो का मतलब है–आर्यों की भूमि ! प्रसिद्घ अफगान इतिहासकार मोहम्मद अली और प्रो0 पझवक का यह दावा है कि ऋग्वेद की रचना वर्तमान भारत की सीमाओं में नहीं, बल्कि आर्योंके आदि देश में हुई, जिसे आज सारी दुनिया अफगानिस्तान के नाम से जानती है| कुछ पश्चिमी विद्वानों ने यह सिद्घ करने की कोशिश की है कि अफगान लोग यहूदियों की सन्तान हैं और मुस्लिम इतिहासकारों का कहना है कि अरब देशों से आकर वे इस इलाके में बस गए| लेकिन प्राचीन ग्रन्थों में मिलनेवाले अन्तर्साक्ष्यों तथा शिलालेखों, मूर्तियों, सिक्कों, खंडहरों, बर्तनों और आभूषणों आदि के बाहिर्साक्ष्य के आधार पर अकाट्रय रूप से माना जा सकता है कि अफगान लोग मध्य एशिया के मूल निवासी हैं| वे अरब भूमि, यूरोप या उत्तरी ध्रुव से आए हुए लोग नहीं हैं| हाँ, इतिहास में हुए फेर-बदल तथा उथल-पुथल के दौरान जिसे हम आज अफगानिस्तान कहते हैं, उस क्षेत्र् की सीमाएँ या संज्ञाएँ हजार-पाँच सौ मील दाएँ-बाएँ और ऊपर-नीचे होती रही हैं तथा दुनिया के इस चौराहे से गुजरनेवाले आक्रान्ताओं, व्यापारियों, धर्मप्रचारकों तथा यात्र्ियों के वंशज स्थानीय लोगों में घुलते-मिलते रहे हैं|

विश्व के सबसे प्राचीन ग्रन्थ ऋग्वेद में पख्तून लोगों और अफगान नदियों का उल्लेख है| दाशराज्ञ-युद्घ में ‘पख्तुओं‘ का उल्लेख पुरू कबीले के सहयोगियों के रूप में हुआ है| जिन नदियों को आजकल हम आमू, काबुल, कुर्रम, रंगा, गोमल, हरिरूद आदि नामों से जानते हैं, उन्हें प्राचीन भारतीय लोग क्रमश: वक्षु, कुभा, कु्रम, रसा, गोमती, हर्यू या सर्यू के नाम से जानते थे| जिन स्थानों के नाम आजकल काबुल, कन्धार, बल्ख, वाखान, बगराम, पामीर, बदख्शाँ, पेशावर, स्वात, चारसद्दा आदि हैं, उन्हें संस्कृत और प्राकृत-पालि साहित्य में क्रमश: कुभा या कुहका, गन्धार, बाल्हीक, वोक्काण, कपिशा, मेरू, कम्बोज, पुरुषपुर, सुवास्तु, पुष्कलावती आदि के नाम से जाना जाता था| हेलमंद नदी का नाम अवेस्ता के हायतुमन्त शब्द से निकला है, जो संस्कृत के ‘सतुमन्त‘ का अपभ्रन्श है| इसी प्रकार प्रसिद्घ पठान कबीले ‘मोहमंद‘ को पाणिनी ने ‘मधुमन्त‘ और अफरीदी को ‘आप्रीता:‘ कहकर पुकारा है| महाभारत में गान्धारी के देश के अनेक सन्दर्भ मिलते हैं| हस्तिनापुर के राजा संवरण पर जब सुदास ने आक्रमण्पा किया तो संवरण की सहायता के लिए जो ‘पस्थ‘ लोग पश्चिम से आए, वे पठान ही थे| छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्र, मार्कण्डेय पुराण, ब्राह्मण ग्रन्थों तथा बौद्घ साहित्य में अफगानिस्तान के इतने अधिक और विविध सन्दर्भ उपलब्ध हैं कि उन्हें पढ़कर लगता है कि अफगानिस्तान तो भारत ही है, अपने पूर्वजों का ही देश है| यदि अफगानिस्तान को अपने स्मृति-पटल से हटा दिया जाए तो भारत का सांस्कृतिक-इतिहास लिखना असम्भव है| लगभग डेढ़ करोड़ निवासियों के इस भू-वेष्टित देश में हिन्दुकुश पर्वत का वही महत्व है जो भारत में हिमालय का है या मिस्र में नील नदी का है ! इब्न वतूता का कहना है कि इस पर्वत को हिन्दुकुश इसलिए कहते हैं कि हिन्दुस्तान से लाए जानेवाले गुलाम लड़के और लड़कियाँ इस क्षेत्र् में भयानक ठंड के कारण मर जाते थे| हिन्दुकुश अर्थात्र हिन्दुओं को मारनेवाला ! लेकिन अफगान विद्वान फज़ले रबी पझवक की मान्यता है कि यदि हिन्दुकुश शब्द का अर्थ प्राचीन बख्तरी भाषा तथा पश्तो के आधार पर किया जाए तो हिन्दुकुश का मतलब होगा–नदियों का उद्रगम ! बख्तरी भाषा में स को ह कहने का रिवाज है| अत: सिन्धु से हिन्दू बन गया| सिन्धू का मतलब होता है–नदी ! वास्तव में हिन्दुकुश पर्वत से, जो कि हिमालय की एक पश्चिमी शाखा है, अफगानिस्तान को कई महत्वपूर्ण नदियों का उद्रगम और सिंचन होता है| वक्षु, काबुल, हरीरूद और हेलमंद आदि नदियों का पिता हिन्दुकुश ही है| वर्षा की कमी के कारण जब अफगानिस्तान की नदियाँ सूखने लगती हैं तो हिन्दुकुश का बर्फ पिघल-पिघलकर उनकी प्यास बुझाता है|

ऋग्वेद और ‘जिन्दावस्ता‘ दुनिया के सबसे प्राचीन ग्रन्थ माने जाते हैं| दोनों की रचना अफगानिस्तान में हुई, ऐसा बहुत-से यूरोपीय विद्वान भी मानते हैं| उन्होंने अनेक तर्क और प्रमाण भी दिए हैं| अवेस्ता के रचनाकार महर्षि जरथ्रुष्ट का जन्म उत्तरी अफगानिस्तान में बल्ख के आस-पास हुआ और वहीं रहकर उन्होंने पारसी धर्म का प्रचलन किया, जो लगभग एक हजार साल तक ईरान का राष्ट्रीय धर्म बना रहा| वेदों और अवेस्ता की भाषा ही एक जैसी नहीं है बल्कि उनके देवताओं के नाम मित्र्, इन्द्र, वरुण–आदि भी एक-जैसे हैं| देवासुर संग्रामों के वर्णन भी दोनों में मिलते हैं| अब से लगभग 2500 साल पहले ईरानी राजाओं–देरियस और सायरस– ने अफगान क्षेत्र् पर अपना अधिकार जमा लिया था| देरियस के शिलालेख में खुद को ऐर्य ऐर्यपुत्र् (आर्य आर्यपुत्र्) कहता है| हिन्दुकुश के उत्तरी क्षेत्र् को उन्होंने बेक्टि्रया तथा दक्षिणी क्षेत्र् को गान्धार कहा| दो सौ साल बाद यूनानी विजेता सिकन्दर इस क्षेत्र् में घुस आया| सिकन्दर के सेनापतियों ने इस क्षेत्र् पर लगभग दो सौ साल तक अपना वर्चस्व बनाए रखा| उन्होंने अपना साम्राज्य मध्य एशिया और पंजाब के आगे तक फैलाया| आज भी अनेक अफगानों को देखते ही आप तुरन्त समझ सकते हैं कि वे यूनानियों की तरह क्यों लगते हैं| आमू दरिया और कोकचा नदी के किनारे बसे गाँव ‘आया खानुम‘ की खुदाई में अभी कुछ वर्ष पहले ही ग्रीक साम्राज्य के वैभव के प्रचुर प्रमाण मिले हैं|

ईसा के तीन सौ साल पहले जब अफगानिस्तान में यूनानी साम्राज्य दनदना रहा था, भारत में मौर्य साम्राज्य-चन्द्रगुप्त, बिन्दुसार और अशोक-का उदय हो चुका था| अशोक ने बौद्घ धर्म को अफगानिस्तान और मध्य एशिया तक फैला दिया| बौद्घ धर्म चीन, जापान और कोरिया समुद्र के रास्तांे नहीं गया बल्कि अफगानिस्तान और मध्य एशिया के थल-मार्गों से होकर गया| पालि-साहित्य में नग्नजित्र और पुक्कुसाति नामक दो अफगान राजाओं का उल्लेख भी आता है, जो गान्धार के स्वामी थे और बिन्दुसार के समकालीन थे| गन्धार राज्य की राजधानी तक्षशिला थी, जिसके स्नातकों में जीवक जैसे वैद्य और कोसलराज प्रसेनजित जैसे राजकुमार भी थे| चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य और सेल्यूकस के बीच हुई सन्धि के कारण अनेक अफगान और बलूच क्षेत्र् बौद्घ प्रभाव में पहले ही आ चुके थे| ये सब क्षेत्र् और इनके अलावा मध्य एशिया का लम्बा-चौड़ा भू-भाग ईसा की पहली सदी में जिन राजाओं के वर्चस्व में आया, वे भी बौद्घ ही थे| कुषाण साम्राज्य के इन राजाओं–कनिष्क, हुविष्क, वासुदेव–आदि ने सम्पूर्ण अफगानिस्तान को तो बुद्घ का अनुनायी बनाया ही, बौद्घ धर्म को दुनिया के कोने-कोने तक पहुँचा दिया| चीनी इतिहासकारों ने लिखा है कि सन्र 383 से लेकर 810 तक अनेक बौद्घ ग्रन्थों का चीनी अनुवाद अफगान बौद्घ भिक्षुओं ने ही किया था| बौद्घ धर्म की ‘महायान‘ शाखा का प्रारम्भ अफगानिस्तान में ही हुआ| विश्व प्रसिद्घ गांधार-कला का परिपाक कुषाण-काल में ही हुआ| आजकल हम जिस बगराम हवाई अड्डे का नाम बहुत सुनते हैं, वह कभी कुषाणों की राजधानी था| उसका नाम था, कपीसी| पुले-खुमरी से 16 कि0मी0 उत्तर में सुर्ख कोतल नामक जगह में कनिष्क-काल के भव्य खण्डहर अब भी देखे जा सकते हैं| इन्हें ‘कुहना मस्जिद‘ के नाम से जाना जाता है| पेशावर और लाहौर के संग्रहालयों में इस काल की विलक्षण कलाकृतियाँ अब भी सुरक्षित हैं|

अफगानिस्तान के बामियान, जलालाबाद, बगराम, काबुल, बल्ख आदि स्थानों में अनेक मूर्तियों, स्तूपों, संघारामों, विश्वविद्यालयों और मंदिरों के अवशेष मिलते हैं| काबुल के आसामाई मन्दिर को दो हजार साल पुराना बताया जाता है| आसामाई पहाड़ पर खड़ी पत्थर की दीवार को ‘हिन्दुशाहों‘ द्वारा निर्मित परकोटे के रूप में देखा जाता है| काबुल का संग्रहालय बौद्घ अवशेषों का खज़ाना रहा है| अफगान अतीत की इस धरोहर को पहले मुजाहिदीन और अब तालिबान ने लगभग नष्ट कर दिया है| बामियान की सबसे ऊँची और विश्व-प्रसिद्घ बुद्घ प्रतिमाओं को भी उन्होंने नि:शेष कर दिया है| फाह्रयान और ह्नेन सांग ने अपने यात्र-वृतान्तों में इन महान प्रतिमाओं, अफगानों की बुद्घ-भक्ति और बौद्घ धर्म केन्द्रों का अत्यन्त श्रद्घापूर्वक चित्र्ण किया है| अब उनके खण्डहर भी स्मृति के विषय हो गए हैं| जलालाबाद के पास अवस्थित हद्दा में मिट्टी की दो हजार साल पुरानी जीवन्त मूर्तियाँ चीन में सियान के मिट्टी के सिपाहियों जैसी थीं याने उनकी गणना विश्व के आश्चर्यों में की जा सकती थी| वे भी मुजाहिदीन हमलों में नष्ट हो चुकी हैं| बुतपरस्ती का विरोध करने के नाम पर गुमराह इस्लामवादी तत्वों ने अपने बाप-दादों के स्मृति-चिन्ह भी मिटा दिए|

इस्लाम के नौ सौ साल के हमलों के बावजूद अफगानिस्तान का एक इलाका 100 साल पहले तक अपनी प्राचीन सभ्यता को सुरक्षित रख पाया था| उसका नाम है, काफिरिस्तान| यह स्थान पाकिस्तान की सीमा पर स्थित चित्रल के निकट है| तैमूर लंग, बाबर तथा अन्य बादशाहों के हमलों का इन ‘काफिरों‘ ने सदा डटकर मुकाबला किया और अपना धर्म-परिवर्तन नहीं होने दिया| अफगानिस्तान की कुणार और पंजशीर घाटी के पास रहनेवाले ये पर्वतीय लोग जो भाषा बोलते हैं, उसके शब्द ज्यों के त्यों वेदों की संस्कृत में पाए जाते हैं| ये इन्द्र, मित्र्, वरुण, गविष, सिंह, निर्मालनी आदि देवी-देवताओं की पूजा करते थे| इनके देवताओं की काष्ठ प्रतिमाएँ मैंने स्वयं काबुल संग्रहालय में देखी हैं| चग सराय नामक स्थान पर हजार-बारह सौ साल पुराने एक हिन्दू मन्दिर के खण्डहर भी मिले हैं| सन्र 1896 में अमीर अब्दुर रहमान ने इन काफिरों को तलवार के जोर पर मुसलमान बना लिया| कुछ पश्चिमी इतिहासकारों का मानना है कि ये काफिर लोग हिन्दुओं की तरह चोटी रखते थे और हवि आदि भी देते थे| अमीर अब्दुर रहमान को डर था कि बि्रटिश शासन की मदद से इन लोगों को कहीं ईसाई न बना लिया जाए|

अफगानिस्तान में इस्लाम के आगमन के पहले अनेक हिन्दू राजाओं का भी राज रहा| ऐसा नहीं है कि ये राजा काशी, पाटलिपुत्र्, अयोध्या आदि से कन्धार या काबुल गए थे| ये एकदम स्थानीय अफगान या पठान या आर्यवंशीय राजा थे| इनके राजवंश को ‘हिन्दूशाही‘ के नाम से ही जाना जाता है| यह नाम उस समय के अरब इतिहासकारों ने ही दिया था| सन्र 843 में कल्लार नामक राजा ने हिन्दूशाही की स्थापना की| तत्कालीन सिक्कों से पता चलता है कि कल्लार के पहले भी रूतविल या रणथल, स्पालपति और लगतुरमान नामक हिन्दू या बौद्घ राजाओं का गांधार प्रदेश में राज था| ये राजा जाति से तुर्क थे लेकिन इनके ज़माने की शिव, दुर्गा और कार्तिकेय की मूतियाँ भी उपलब्ध हुई हैं| ये स्वयं को कनिष्क का वंशज भी मानते थे| अल-बेरूनी के अनुसार हिन्दूशाही राजाओं में कुछ तुर्क और कुछ हिन्दू थे| हिन्दू राजाओं को ‘काबुलशाह‘ या ‘महाराज धर्मपति‘ कहा जाता था| इन राजाओं में कल्लार, सामन्तदेव, भीम, अष्टपाल, जयपाल, आनन्दपाल, त्रिलोचनपाल, भीमपाल आदि उल्लेखनीय हैं| इन राजाओं ने लगभग साढ़े तीन सौ साल तक अरब आततायियों और लुटेरों को जबर्दस्त टक्कर दी और उन्हें सिंधु नदी पार करके भारत में नहीं घुसने दिया| लेकिन 1019 में महमूद गज़नी से त्रिलोचनपाल की हार के साथ अफगानिस्तान का इतिहास पलटा खा गया| फिर भी अफगानिस्तान को मुसलमान बनने में पैगम्बर मुहम्मद के बाद लगभग चार सौ साल लग गए| यह आश्चर्य की बात है कि इन हारते हुए ‘हिन्दूशाही‘ राजाओं के बारे में अरबी और फारसी इतिहासकारों ने तारीफ के पुल बाँधे हुए हैं| अल-बेरूनी और अल-उतबी ने लिखा है कि हिन्दूशाहियों के राज में मुसलमान, यहूदी और बौद्घ लोग मिल-जुलकर रहते थे| उनमें भेदभाव नहीं किया जाता था| शिक्षा, कला, व्यापार अत्यधिक उन्नत थे| इन राजाओं ने सोने के सिक्के तक चलाए| हिन्दूशाहों के सिक्के इतने अच्छे होते थे कि सन्र 908 में बगदाद के अब्बासी खलीफा अल-मुक्तदीर ने वैसे ही देवनागरी सिक्कों पर अपना नाम अरबी में खुदवाकर नए सिक्के जारी करवा दिए| मुस्लिम इतिहासकार फरिश्ता के अनुसार हिन्दूशाही की लूट का माल जब गज़नी में प्रदर्शित किया गया तो पड़ौसी मुल्कों के राजदूतों की आँखे फटी की फटी रह गइंर्| भीमनगर (नगरकोट) से लूट गए माल को गज़नी तक लाने के लिए ऊँटों की कमी पड़ गई|

अल-बेरूनी ने राजा आनन्दपाल के बड़प्पन का जि़क्र करते हुए लिख है कि महमूद गज़नी से सम्बन्ध खराब होने के बावजूद, जब तुर्कों ने उस पर हमला किया, तो आनन्दपाल ने महमूद की सहायता के लिए उसे पत्र् लिखा था| ‘हिन्दूशाही‘ राजवंश के राजा ‘आर्याना‘ के बाहर के सुल्तानों को इस क्षेत्र् में घुसने नहीं देना चाहते थे| इसीलिए उन्होंने महमूद गज़नी ही नहीं, अन्य स्थानीय हिन्दू और अ-हिन्दू शासकों से गठबन्धन करने की कोशिश की लेकिन महमूद गज़नी को सत्ता और लूटपाट के अलावा इस्लाम का नशा भी सवार था| इसीलिए वह जीते हुए क्षेत्रें के मंदिरों, शिक्षा केन्द्रों, मण्डियों और भवनों को नष्ट करता जाता था और स्थानीय लोगों को जबरन मुसलमान बनाता जाता था| यह बात अल-बेरूनी, अल-उतबी, अल-मसूदी और अल-मकदीसी जैसे मुस्लिम इतिहासकारों ने भी लिखी है| समकालीन इतिहासकार अल-बेरूनी ने तो यहाँ तक लिखा है कि जीते हुए क्षेत्रें के लोगों के साथ किए गए कठोर बर्ताव और सुल्तानों की विध्वंसात्मक नीतियों के कारण यह क्षेत्र् (अफगानिस्तान) विद्वानों, व्यापारियों, योद्घाओं और राजकुमारों के रहने लायक नहीं रह गया है| “यही कारण है कि जो-जो क्षेत्र् हमने जीते हैं, वहाँ-वहाँ से हिन्दू विद्याएँ इतनी दूर–कश्मीर, बनारस तथा अन्य स्थानों–पर भाग खड़ी हुई कि हमारी पहुँच के बाहर हो गई हैं|” क्या खल्की-परचमी, मुजाहिदीन और तालिबान हुकूमतों के दौरान पिछले 23 साल में एक-तिहाई अफगानिस्तान खाली नहीं हो गया ? क्या अफगानिस्तान के श्रेष्ठ विद्वान, उत्तम कलाकार, निपुण वैज्ञानिक, कुशल राजनीतिज्ञ, भद्रलोक के ज्यादातर सदस्य उस देश को छोड़कर अमेरिका, यूरोप और भारत में नहीं बस गए हैं ? क्या अभागे अफगानिस्तान के इतिहास का चक्र उलटा घूमता हुआ एक हजार साल पीछे नहीं चला गया है ? क्या हम आज वही भयावह दृश्य नहीं देख रहे हैं, जो अफगानिस्तान ने एक हजार साल पहले देखा था ?


Courtesy by : Dr. Vedpratap Vaidik

Dr. Ved Pratap Vaidik ke ek lekh se saabhar.



Monday, December 26, 2011

क्‍या हिन्दुस्तान में हिन्दू होना गुनाह है? (32)

क्‍या हिन्दुस्तान में हिन्दू होना गुनाह है?


भारतीय संविधान में हालांकि कानून की नजर में सभी नागरिक बराबर हैं मगर इस देश में विभिन्न धर्मावलम्बियों के लिए अलग-अलग कानून हैं। मुसलमानों के मामलों को तय करने के लिए शरियत अदालतें और दारूल कजा नामक उच्च स्तर की अदालतें हैं। इनमें मुसलमानों से सम्‍बन्धित मामले शरा मोहम्‍मदी की रोशनी में काजी तय करते हैं।
पंडित नेहरू की कृपा से 1952 में हिन्दू कोड बिल बनाया गया था,जिसमें तलाक की व्यवस्था की गई जो कि हिन्दू धर्म ग्रंथों के सर्वथा विपरीत थी। हाल में ही उच्चतम न्यायालय ने यह स्वीकार किया है कि भारतीय संसद ने आज तक जो कानून बनाए वह सिर्फ हिन्दू सम्‍प्रदाय तक ही सीमित थे। अन्य सम्‍प्रदायों के मामले में सरकार को कानून बनाने की हिम्‍मत नहीं हुई क्‍योंकि वह पर्सनल लॉ के मामले में काफी संवेदनशील हैं। सरकार उनके पर्सनल लॉ में हस्तक्षेप करने की हिम्‍मत नहीं करती।
उच्चतम न्यायालय कम से कम पांच बार और देश के विभिन्न उच्च न्यायालय एक दर्जन से अधिक बार देश के सभी वर्गों के लिए समान पर्सनल लॉ बनाने का निर्देश दे चुके हैं मगर सरकार के कानों पर आज तक जूं नहीं रेंगी क्‍योंकि उसे अल्पसं2यकों की नाराजगी का डर है।
शाहबानो केस में मुसलमानों के आक्रोश के कारण सरकार ने एक कानून बना डाला जिसके तहत यह तय किया गया कि मुसलमान महिलाओं को सीआरपीसी की धारा 125 के तहत तलाक देने के बाद पत्नियों को गुजारा भत्ता देने की कोई जरूरत नहीं। तर्क यह दिया गया कि शरई कानूनों के अनुसार इदत पीरियड में सिर्फ तीन महीनों के लिए पति के लिए गुजारा भत्ता देना ही काफी है।
दिल्ली के शाही इमाम अब्‍दुल्ला बुखारी के खिलाफ देश भर की अदालतों ने 216 बार वारंट जारी किए थे मगर एक बार भी दिल्ली पुलिस को इन वारंटों को तामील कराने की हिम्‍मत नहीं हुई। साफ है कि शाही इमाम देश के कानून और संविधान से बहुत ऊंचे हैं।
संसद ने हाल में ही अनिवार्य शिक्षा कानून पारित किया था मगर मुस्लिम नेताओं के विरोध के कारण अब सरकार ने इस मामले में घुटने टेक दिए हैं। मानव संसाधन मंत्री कपिल सिब्‍बल ने यह घोषणा की है कि यह क कानून मुस्लिम मदरसों पर लागू नहीं होगा। क्‍या यह कानून सिर्फ हिन्दुओं के लिए ही बनाया गया है?देश में दो करोड़ बंगलादेशी घुसपैठिए रह रहे हैं। गत दस वर्षों में इनमें से केवल दस हजार को ही विदेशी नागरिक करार देकर वापस बंगलादेश खदेड़ा गया। शेष बंगलादेशी इस देश में बिना बुलाए मेहमान होने के बावजूद मौज उड़ा रहे हैं।
हाल में ही मुरादाबाद के एक गांव में जब पुलिस एक अपराधी को पकडऩे के लिए गई तो गांव वालों ने उसकी गिरफ्तारी का विरोध किया और पुलिस पर हमला किया। बाद में स्थानीय मुसलमानों ने पुलिस पार्टी पर यह झूठा आरोप लगा दिया कि उन्होंने इस छापे के दौरान कुरान का अपमान किया है। उर्दू समाचारपत्रों ने इस मामले को खूब उछाला। उत्तर प्रदेश में जगह-जगह विरोध प्रदर्शन हुए, जिनसे भयभीत होकर सरकार ने घुटने टेक दिए और दोषी ठहराए गए पुलिस अधिकारियों को निलम्बित कर दिया गया। क्‍या यही न्याय है?
एक बात हम सबके लिए विचारणीय है कि क्‍यों 80 प्रतिशत के बहुमत की अवहेलना करके उसे एक सम्‍प्रदाय की भूमिका निभाने के लिए लाचार किया जाता है और क्‍यों 12 प्रतिशत के आसपास की जनसंख्‍या वाले मुस्लिम अल्पमत तथा 2 प्रतिशत के आसपास के अल्पमत को भी राष्ट्रीय महत्व दिया जाता है। संसार के किसी भी देश में 80 प्रतिशत के बहुमत वाली जनसंख्‍या को साम्‍प्रदायिक नहीं माना जाता। वह तो अपने आप में एक स्वस्थ एवं सबल राष्ट्र होने की सामथ्र्य रखती है, परन्तु हमारे यहां यह इसीलिए होता है कि 80 प्रतिशत हिन्दू बहुमत संगठित न होकर अलग-अलग पार्टियों को अपनी रुचि के अनुसार वोट देता है और मुस्लिम अल्पमत संगठित होकर हिन्दू के मुकाबले एक मुसलमान को वोट देकर उसे सफल बनाता है। मुसलमान के वोट किसी भी गैर मुसलमान को तब ही मिलते हैं जबकि मुसलमान चुनाव क्षेत्र में न हो।
मुस्लिम सम्‍प्रदाय वोट एक व्यक्ति या पार्टी को संगठित होकर डालता है, इसीलिए उसके वोट की कीमत आंकी जाती है। हिन्दुओं के वोट अब तक सेकुलर पार्टियों को ही मिलते रहे हैं और वह भी बंटकर, इसलिए उसके वोट का कोई महत्व नहीं रह जाता। हिन्दुओं में बहुत देर के बाद यह समझ आनी आरम्‍भ हुई है कि ये सेकुलर पार्टियां हिन्दुओं से वोट लेकर मुस्लिम साम्‍प्रदायिकता को पालपोस रही है, इसीलिए उनकी हर बात की महत्‍व होती है और हिन्दुओं की हर बात साम्‍प्रदायिक और देश विरोधी बन जाती है। उनकी यह जागरूकता ही इन सेकुलर पार्टियों का सिरदर्द है। अगर हिन्दुओं ने एकजुट होकर किसी भी हिन्दुत्वनिष्ठ पार्टी को वोट देकर राज्य सत्ता तक पहुंचा दिया फिर इसका क्‍या होगा? अब तक जो हिन्दू गलत प्रचार-साधनों, सत्ता बल और धनबल के द्वारा भरमाया जाता था वह अब शायद सम्‍भव नहीं रहा, इसीलिए ये सब सेकुलर पार्टियां हिन्दुत्वनिष्ठ नेताओं तथा पार्टियों के विरुद्ध अनर्गल प्रचार कर रही हैं। यह बिल्कुल ऐसा ही है जैसे अंग्रेज तथा मुस्लिम लीग कांग्रेस को दिन-रात हिन्दू संस्था बताते थे,क्‍योंकि इसी में उनका स्वार्थ सधता था और कांग्रेस हिन्दू विरोध की सीमा तक जाकर भी अपने को राष्ट्रीय संस्था बताती थी।
इन शब्‍दों के साथ मैं इस लम्‍बी लेखमाला को विराम देना चाहता हूं। अफसोस 125 करोड़ का यह मुल्क आज एक मोहताज सा हो गया है। देशवासियों को प्राचीन गौरव और परम्‍पराओं को याद रखना होगा और देश के हिन्दुओं को निर्णायक जंग के लिए एकजुट होना होगा।
''जब किसी जाति का अहं चोट खाता हैपावक प्रचंड होकर, बाहर आता हैयह वही चोट खाए स्वदेश का बल हैआहत भुजंग है,सुलगा हुआ अनल है।'' (समाप्त)
Courtsey:
अश्‍वनी कुमार, सम्‍पादक (पंजाब केसरी